La definición
Deconstruction was founded by Jacques Derrida, a French philosopher, during the mid-twentieth century. According to him, rather than a fully developed literary theory, it is, “a strategy, some ‘rules for reading, interpretation, and writing'” (Dobie 152). Deconstruction is also known as poststructuralism, a theory in which scholars question generally accepted Westernized ideologies.
René Descartes, a prominent mathematician during the early 1600s, created the idea that because he was conscious of his thinking, he had proof that he existed. He declared the famous phrase, “I think therefore I am” (Dobie 153). With his knowledge, humans developed the theory that all people were capable of finding truth and meaning, since they had the capability to think. Ultimately, with this notion, they believed that all people could enable positive change and progress.
Friedrich Nietzsche, a mid-nineteenth century philosopher is an example of a poststructuralist. He took a radical stance on how to define reality (Dobie 153). He spread the belief that God had died and all people had to reevaluate their belief systems to make sure they could maintain morality. He ultimately believed humans were capable of utilizing this freedom as a means to liberate their spirits. Albert Einstein spread another idea that questioned reality during the early part of the twentieth century. He discovered that through the velocity of light, time should be measured in terms of motion. This concept changed the accepted theory that clocks were capable of measuring time and, ultimately, had humans wonder how the universe truly functioned. These viewpoints certainly differs from Descartes’s more simplistic view on mankind’s place in the universe and showcase how the idea of reality has shifted over the centuries.
Deconstruction is a more developed theory that establishes how to analyze reality. Its followers believe that no text is static and that there are innumerable ways to look at a work. While utilizing deconstruction, readers should aim to look at contradictions within the text and really break down its structure, rather than note its more obvious meanings. This practice is the opposite of structuralism, in which people analyze how a work of literature functions. Through the use of deconstruction, readers are able to make new discoveries in all forms of literature.
To reiterate, Jacques Derrida founded deconstruction. One of his major arguments is that human beings are all logocentric and that they, “want to believe that there is a centering principle in which all belief and actions are grounded and that certain metaphysical ideas are to be favored over others” (163). Instead of supporting this idea, Derrida believed that there is no total unifying element within the world, otherwise known as a transcendental signified. According to him, there are meant to be gaps within a so-called perfect, unified world. Additionally, he supports the idea of phonocentrism. This idea puts down the belief that speech is most privileged form of communication. Rather than supporting the importance of speaking, Derrida wanted to focus more attention on communicating through writing. By aiming to reduce hierarchy in communication, the world, or works of literature, can be broken down and looked at in different ways. This will ultimately result in new values, beliefs, and ways to interpret a text.
El párrafo primero
El cuento “Diario de un creador de secretos” es un cuento que describe una sociedad que no permite la existencia de los secretos. El gobierno tiene mucho poder sobre su población y sus ciudadanos no pueden tener las vidas privadas. Gastón, el personaje principal, tiene el trabajo por crear los secretos y se comporta un rebelde de la sociedad. Aunque el propósito obvio del autor anónimo en este cuento es describir una sociedad distopía y cómo hay muchos rebeldes en estas sociedades ficciones, hay más significados importantes. Por ejemplo, el concepto del amor y cómo amor tiene muchos riesgos es muy importante en este cuento. Con la repetición de Gastón se menciona querer una novia, la relación entre él y Maite, y cómo Maite sale al final del cuento, es obvio que el autor quiere incluir un concepto de amor en el cuento. Aunque esta tema no es muy obvio, tiene influenza sobre “Diario de un creador de secretos.”